What have we learnt?

During the last years, we have explored forest-based bioeconomy as an integrated system, focusing on the sustainable production, mobilisation, and governance of biomass resources. Research lines covered intensive biomass production systems, the optimisation of logistics and supply chains to enhance the efficiency and resilience of biomass flows from field to end-user, forest growth and economic models to support decision-making that balances productivity, biodiversity, resilience, carbon sequestration, and energy goals, among others. In parallel, we studied the socio-economic dimensions of the bioeconomy, examining household and industrial adoption of bioenergy, market interactions, and the effectiveness of policy instruments in accelerating the energy transition, and the risk of socio-environmental conflicts.