{"id":695,"date":"2024-10-22T15:44:24","date_gmt":"2024-10-22T13:44:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.uef.fi\/humsem\/?p=695"},"modified":"2024-10-22T15:49:48","modified_gmt":"2024-10-22T13:49:48","slug":"october-30-2024","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.uef.fi\/humsem\/2024\/10\/22\/october-30-2024\/","title":{"rendered":"October 30, 2024"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>30.10.2024<\/strong> Michael Rie\u00dfler (UEF): \u201cOn the Pluricentricity of the Saami Language(s)\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Abstract<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In language sociology and sociolinguistics pluricentricity describes languages with several centers of standardization, like Standard Swedish used in two Nordic countries. Standard Finnish also has official status in several countries (Finland, Sweden, and Russia), in addition to Me\u00e4nkieli (Sweden) and Kveeni (Norway), both of which could perhaps be described as variants under the roof of pluricentric Finnish (see S\u00f6derholm 1998).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The concept of pluricentricity was developed by Kloss 1967 (see also Clyne 1992) but has been evolving since. A recent theoretical refinement \u2013 mostly discussed in relation to the different Standard German languages \u2013 resulted in the definition of pluri-\u201careas\u201d instead of pluri-\u201ccenters\u201d because the latter were originally defined by nations and national borders (of Austria, Germany, and Switzerland) which, however, do not seem to fully align with the actual centers of standardization (see Auer 2021). Alternatively, the concept of \u201cmulti-standard\u201d has been proposed by Auer (2021).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This paper studies Saami spoken in the Nordic countries and Russia. Saami has also sometimes been described as a pluricentric language because several different Saami standard variants are used in four nation states. Saami linguistics in the Soviet\/Russian tradition, from Kert 1971 to today, describes one single \u201cSaami language\u201d \u2013 inferring pluricentricity, but without using this term. Kildin Saami, which the same linguists have planned and standardized successfully in their country since the 1980s, is considered a Saami \u201cdialect\u201d in Russia but a Saami \u201clanguage\u201d elsewhere. Thus, in Muhr\u2019s (2021) list of European languages, ten Saami languages are included (with the only reference being Wikipedia), but it is noted that the status of Saami as a pluricentric language is \u201cdoubtful\u201d (Muhr 2021:35).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A discussion of the potential pluricentric status of Skolt Saami, one single Saami language spoken across the national borders of Finland, Norway, and Russia, is promised in the title of a paper by Rueter &amp; H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen (2019), although it focuses mostly on technical resource development and computational linguistics. Kowalik (2023) mentions the pluricentric status of South Saami in Norway and Sweden en passant, while referring to \u201cvariation\u201d rather than standard \u201cvariants\u201d (Kowalik 2023:12). The best candidate for a pluricentric Saami language, however, seems to be North Saami, although recent sociolinguistic descriptions do not characterize it explicitly so (see, e.g., Aikio et al. 2015).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This study is the first to systematically typologize Saami and the individual Saami standard variants according to the common classifications of pluricentricity and discussing the possible application of more recent derivations of this theory, like \u201cpluriareality\u201d or \u201cmulti-standard\u201d. The paper argues that \u201cSaami\u201d is not one pluricentric language. However, several of the \u201cSaami languages\u201d are indeed pluricentric. There are nevertheless significant differences compared to other pluricentric languages in the Nordic countries, with which Saami languages will be compared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>References<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aikio, A.; Arola, L.; Kunnas, N. 2015 \u201cVariation in North Saami\u201d In: D. Smakman et al. <em>Globalising sociolinguistics. Challenging and expanding theory<\/em>. London, 243\u2013255<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Auer, P. 2021 \u201cReflections on linguistic pluricentricity\u201c <em>Sociolinguistica<\/em> 35:1, 29\u201347<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Clyne, M. 1992 <em>Pluricentric Languages. Differing Norms in Different Nations<\/em>. Berlin<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kloss, H. 1967 \u201cAbstand languages and Ausbau languages\u201d <em>Anthropological Linguistics<\/em> 9:7, 29\u201341<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kert, G. M. 1971. <em>Saamsky jazyk. <\/em>Moskva<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kowalik, R. 2023 <em>Towards a grammar of spoken South Saami<\/em>. Stockholm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Muhr, R. 2019 \u201cEuropean pluricentric languages in contact and conflict. An overview\u201d In: R. Muhr et al. <em>European pluricentric languages in contact and conflict<\/em>. Wien, 11\u201360<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rueter, J.; H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen, M. 2019 \u201cSkolt Sami, the makings of a pluricentric language, where does it stand?\u201d In: R. Muhr et al. <em>European pluricentric languages in contact and conflict<\/em>. Wien, 201\u2013208<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u00f6derholm, E. 1998 \u201cKieli, murre, varieteetti vai oma kieli? Pohjoiskalotin kielet ja kielimuodot\u201d <em>Viritt\u00e4j\u00e4<\/em> 4, 571\u2013592<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>30.10.2024 Michael Rie\u00dfler (UEF): \u201cOn the Pluricentricity of the Saami Language(s)\u201d Abstract In language sociology and sociolinguistics pluricentricity describes languages with several centers of standardization, like Standard Swedish used in two Nordic countries. Standard Finnish also has official status in several countries (Finland, Sweden, and Russia), in addition to Me\u00e4nkieli (Sweden) and Kveeni (Norway), both [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":883,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-695","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>October 30, 2024 - Humanities Research Seminar<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.uef.fi\/humsem\/2024\/10\/22\/october-30-2024\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"October 30, 2024 - Humanities Research Seminar\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"30.10.2024 Michael Rie\u00dfler (UEF): \u201cOn the Pluricentricity of the Saami Language(s)\u201d Abstract In language sociology and sociolinguistics pluricentricity describes languages with several centers of standardization, like Standard Swedish used in two Nordic countries. 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