Scientific articles on seals in peer-reviewed journals

Scientific articles on seals in peer-reviewed journals

The 2020s

Nepovinnykh E., Eerola T., Biard V., Mutka P., Niemi M., Kunnasranta M., Kälviäinen H. 2022. SealID: Saimaa Ringed Seal Re-Identification Dataset. Sensors 22:7602. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197602

Niemi M., Nykänen M., Biard V., Kurkilahti M., Kunnasranta M. 2022. Molting phenology of a lacustrine ringed seal, Pusa hispida saimensis. Ecology and Evolution, 12, e9248. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9248

Virrueta Herrera S., Johnson K.P., Sweet A.D., Ylinen E., Kunnasranta M., Nyman T. 2022. High levels of inbreeding with spatial and host-associated structure in lice of an endangered freshwater seal. Molecular Ecology 31:4593-4606. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.16569

Kunnasranta M., Niemi M., Auttila M. 2022. Developing artificial nest boxes for a large aquatic mammal. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3851

Biard V., Nykänen M., Niemi M., Kunnasranta M. 2022. Extreme moulting site fidelity of the Saimaa ringed seal. Mammalian Biology. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-021-00209-z

Nyman T., Papadopoulou E., Ylinen E., Wutke S., Michell C. T., Sromek L., Sinisalo T., Andrievskaya E., Alexeev V., Kunnasranta M. 2021. DNA barcoding reveals different cestode helminth species in northern European marine and freshwater ringed seals. International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.06.004

Doña J., Herrera SV., Nyman T., Kunnasranta M., Johnson KP. 2021. Patterns of microbiome variation among infrapopulations of permanent bloodsucking parasites. Frontiers in Microbiology 12: 642543. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.642543

Kunnasranta M., Niemi M., Auttila M., Valtonen M., Kammonen J., Nyman T. 2021. Sealed in a lake – Biology and conservation of the endangered Saimaa ringed seal: A review. Biological Conservation 253. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108908

Peart, C.R., Tusso, S., Pophaly, S.D., Botero-Castro, F., Wu, C.-C., Aurioles-Gamboa, D., Baird, A.B., Bickham, J.W., Forcada, J., Galimberti, F., Gemmell, N.J., Hoffman, J.I., Kovacs, K.M., Kunnasranta, M., Lydersen, C., Nyman, T., Rosa de Oliveira, L., Orr, A.J., Sanvito, S., Valtonen, M., Shafer, A.B.A., Wolf, J.B.W. 2020. Determinants of genetic variation across eco-evolutionary scales in pinnipeds. Nature Ecology & Evolution. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-1215-5

Nepovinnykh, E.,  Eerola T., Kalviainen, H. 2020. Siamese Network Based Pelage Pattern Matching for Ringed Seal Re-identificationThe IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV) Workshops, pp. 25-34. DOI: 10.1109/WACVW50321.2020.9096935

Kiljunen M., Peltonen H., Lehtiniemi M., Uusitalo L., Sinisalo T., Norkko J., Kunnasranta M., Torniainen J., Rissanen A.J., Karjalainen J. 2020. Benthic-pelagic coupling and trophic relationships in northern Baltic Sea food webs. Limnology and Oceanography 9999,1-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11413

Pulkkinen K., Kunnasranta M., Sinisalo T. 2020. Comparison of muscle and hair stable isotope ratios in three phocid seals. Marine Mammal Science 1-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.12679

The 2010s

Laakkonen J., Jernvall J. 2019. Muscles of mastication and the temporo-mandibular joint of the Saimaa (Pusa hispida saimensis) and Baltic (Pusa hispida botnica) ringed seals. Annales zoologici fennici 57:21-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5735/086.057.0103

Koivuniemi M., Kurkilahti M., Niemi M., Auttila M. & Kunnasranta M. 2019. A mark–recapture approach for estimating population size of the endangered ringed seal (Phoca hispida saimensis). PLOS ONE 14: e0214269. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214269

Jounela P., Sipilä T., Koskela J., Tiilikainen R., Auttila M., Niemi M. & Kunnasranta M. 2019. Incidental bycatch mortality and fishing restrictions: impacts on juvenile survival in the Endangered Saimaa ringed seal Pusa hispida saimensis. Endangered Species Research 38: 91-99. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00939

Niemi M., Liukkonen L., Koivuniemi M., Auttila M., Rautio A. & Kunnasranta M. 2019. Winter behavior of Saimaa ringed seals: Non-overlapping core areas as indicators of avoidance in breeding females. PLOS ONE 14: e0210266. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210266

Savriama Y., Valtonen M., Kammonen J. I., Rastas P., Smolander O.-P., Lyyski A., Häkkinen T. J., Corfe I. J., Gerber S., Salazar-Ciudad I.,  Paulin L., Holm L., Löytynoja A., Auvinen P. & Jernvall J. 2018. Bracketing phenogenotypic limits of mammalian hybridization. Royal Society open science 5: 180903. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180903

Liukkonen L., Ayllón D., Kunnasranta M., Niemi M., Nabe-Nielsen J., Grimm V. & Nyman A.-M. 2018. Modelling movements of Saimaa ringed seal using an individual-based approach. Ecological Modelling 368: 321-335. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2017.12.002

Chehrsimin T., Eerola T., Zhelezniakov A., Koivuniemi M., Auttila M., Levänen R., Niemi M., Kunnasranta M. & H Kälviäinen. 2017. Automatic individual identification of Saimaa ringed seals. IET Computer Vision, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-cvi.2017.0082

Liukkonen L., Rautio A., Sipilä T., Niemi M., Auttila M., Koskela J., Kunnasranta M. 2017. Long-term effects of land use on perinatal mortality in the Endangered Saimaa ringed seal population. Endangered Species Research 34: 283-291. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00856

Kunnasranta M., Niemi M., Auttila M. 2016. Saimaannorpan suojelubiologiaa: tutkimuksista toimenpiteisiin. Suomen Riista 62:71-82.

Koivuniemi M., Auttila M., Niemi M., Levänen R., Kunnasranta M. 2016. Photo-ID as a tool for studying and monitoring the endangered Saimaa ringed seal. Endangered Species Research 30: 29-36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00723

Auttila, M., Kurkilahti, M., Niemi, M., Levänen, R., Sipilä, T., Isomursu, M., Koskela, J. & Kunnasranta, M. 2016. Morphometrics, body condition, and growth of the ringed seal (Pusa hispida saimensis) in Lake Saimaa: implications for conservation. Marine Mammal Science 32: 252–267. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.12256

Shafer, A. B., Wolf, J. B., Alves, P. C., Bergström, L., Bruford, M. W., Brännström, I., … & Fawcett, K. D. 2015. Genomics and the challenging translation into conservation practice. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 30.2 : 78-87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2014.11.009

Zhelezniakov, A., Eerola, T., Koivuniemi, M., Auttila, M., Levänen, R., Niemi, M., Kunnasranta, M. & Kälviäinen, H. 2015. Segmentation of Saimaa ringed seals for identification purposes. Teoksessa:  Bebis, G., Boyle, R., Parvin, B., Koracin, D., Pavlidis, I., Feris, R.S., McGraw, T., Elendt, M., Kopper, R., Ragan, E., Ye, Z., Weber, G. (eds) Advances in Visual Computing, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 9475. Springer, Cham, pp.  227-236. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27863-6_21

Lyytikäinen, M. Pätynen, J., Hyvärinen, H., Sipilä, T. & Kunnasranta, M. 2015. Mercury and selenium balance in endangered Saimaa ringed seal depend on age and sex. Environmental Science & Technology 49: 11808–11816. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b01555

Oksanen, S. M., Niemi, M., Ahola, M. P. & Kunnasranta, M. 2015. Identifying foraging habitats of Baltic ringed seals using movement data. Movement Ecology 3:33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-015-0058-1

Oksanen, S. M., Ahola, M. P., Oikarinen, J., & Kunnasranta, M. 2015. A novel tool to mitigate by-catch mortality of Baltic seals in coastal fyke net fishery. PLoS ONE 10(5): e0127510. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127510

Valtonen, M., Heino, M., Aspi, J., Buuri, H., Kokkonen, T., Kunnasranta, M., Palo J. U. & Nyman, T. 2015. Genetic monitoring of a critically-endangered seal population based on field-collected placentas. Annales Zoologici Fennici 52: 51-65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5735/086.052.0205

Kauhala, K., Kurkilahti, M., Ahola, M. P., Herrero, A., Karlsson, O., Kunnasranta, M., Tiilikainen, R. & Vetemaa, M. 2015: Age, sex and body condition of Baltic grey seals: Are problem seals a random sample of the population? Annales Zoologici Fennici 52: 103-114. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5735/086.052.0209

Auttila, M., Sinisalo, T., Valtonen, M., Niemi, M., Viljanen, M., Kurkilahti, M., & Kunnasranta, M. 2015. Diet composition and seasonal feeding patterns of a freshwater ringed seal (Pusa hispida saimensis). Marine Mammal Science 31: 45-65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.12133

Nyman, T., Valtonen, M., Aspi, J., Ruokonen, M., Kunnasranta, M. & Palo, J. U. 2014. Demographic histories and genetic diversities of Fennoscandian marine and landlocked ringed seal subspecies. Ecology and Evolution 4: 3420-3434. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1193

Oksanen, S. M., Ahola, M. P., Lehtonen, E., & Kunnasranta, M. 2014. Using movement data of Baltic grey seals to examine foraging-site fidelity: implications for seal-fishery conflict mitigation. Marine Ecology Progress Series 507: 297-308. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10846

Valtonen, M., Palo, J. U., Aspi, J., Ruokonen, M., Kunnasranta, M. & Nyman, T. 2014. Causes and consequences of fine-scale population structure in a critically endangered freshwater seal. BMC Ecology 14:22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6785-14-22

Auttila, M., Niemi, M., Skrzypczak, T., Viljanen, M., & Kunnasranta, M. 2014. Estimating and mitigating perinatal mortality of the endangered Saimaa ringed seal (Phoca hispida saimensis) in a changing climate. Annales Zoologici Fennici 51: 526-534. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5735/086.051.0601

Kauhala, J., Ahola, M. & Kunnasranta, M. 2014. Decline in the pregnancy rate of Baltic grey seal females during the 2000s. Annales Zoologici Fennici 51: 313–324. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5735/086.051.0303

Niemi, M., Auttila, M., Valtonen, A., Viljanen, M., & Kunnasranta, M. 2013. Haulout patterns of Saimaa ringed seals and their response to boat traffic during the moulting season. Endangered Species Research 22: 115-124. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00541

Martinez-Bakker, M. E., Sell, S. K., Swanson, B. J., Kelly, B. P., & Tallmon, D. A. 2013. Combined genetic and telemetry data reveal high rates of gene flow, migration, and long-distance dispersal potential in Arctic ringed seals (Pusa hispida). PLoS One 8: e77125. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077125

Niemi, M., Auttila, M., Viljanen, M., & Kunnasranta, M. 2013. Home range, survival and dispersal of endangered Saimaa ringed seal pups: implications for conservation. Marine Mammal Science 29:1-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2011.00521.x

Niemi, M., Auttila, M., Viljanen, M., & Kunnasranta, M. 2012. Movement data and their application for assessing the current distribution and conservation needs of the endangered Saimaa ringed seal. Endangered Species Research 19:99-108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00468

Valtonen, M., Palo, J., Ruokonen, M., Kunnasranta, M. & Nyman, T. 2012: Spatial and temporal variation in genetic diversity of an endangered freshwater seal. Conservation Genetics 13: 1231-1245. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-012-0367-5

Kauhala, J., Ahola, M. & Kunnasranta, M. 2012. Demographic structure and mortality rate of a Baltic grey seal population at different stages of population change, judged on the basis of the hunting bag in Finland. Ann. Zool. Fenn. 49: 287-305. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5735/086.049.0502

Kauhala, K. & Kunnasranta, M. 2012. Size and structure of grey seal hunting bag in Finland. (In Finnish with English summary). Suomen Riista 58: 7-15.

Strandberg, U., Sipilä, T., Koskela J., Kunnasranta, M. & Käkelä, M. 2011: Vertical fatty acid profiles in blubber of a freshwater ringed seal – comparison to a marine relative. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 407 (2): 256-265. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2011.06.021

Isomursu, M. & Kunnasranta, M. 2011. Trichinella nativa in grey seal Halichoerus grypus – Spill over from a highly endemic terrestrial ecosystem. Journal of Parasitology 97 (4): 735-736. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1645/GE-2717.1

Kauhala, K., Kunnasranta, M. & Valtonen, M. 2011. Diet of grey seals in Finland in 2001-2007 – a preliminary study (In Finnish with English summary). Suomen Riista 57: 72-83.

Kelly, P.K., Badajos, O.H., Kunnasranta, M., Moran, J.R., Martinez-Bakker, M., Wartzok, D. & Boveng, P. 2010: Seasonal home ranges and fidelity to breeding sites among ringed seals. Polar Biology 33: 1095-1109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-010-0796-x

Sainmaa, S. & Kunnasranta, M. 2010. Distemper viruses in seals – literature review. (In Finnish with English summary). Suomen Eläinlääkärilehti 116: 7-11.

The 2000s

Hyvärinen, H., Palviainen, A., Strandberg, U. & Holopainen, I.J. 2009. Aquatic Environment and Differentiation of Vibrissae: Comparison of Sinus Hair Systems of Ringed Seal, Otter and Pole Cat. Brain Behav Evol 74: 268-279. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000264662

Rautio, A., Niemi, M., Kunnasranta, M., Holopainen, I. & Hyvärinen, H. 2009. Vocal repertoire of the Saimaa ringed seal (Phoca hispida saimensis) during the breeding season. Marine Mammal Science 25(4): 920-930. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2009.00299.x

Strandberg, U., Käkelä, A, Lydersen C,  Kovacs KM, Grahl-Nielsen O, Hyvärinen H. & Käkelä, M. 2008. Stratification, composition, and function of marine mammal blubber: the ecology of fatty acids in marine mammals. Physiol Biochem Zool. 81(4): 473-85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/589108

Bell,S., Hampshire, K. & Tonder, M. 2008. Person, place, and knowledge in the conservation of the Saimaa ringed seal. Society and Natural Resources 21(4): 277-293. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920701860516

Usenius, T., Mustonen, A.-M., Usenius, J.-P., Hyvärinen, H., Sipilä, T., Koskela, J. T. & Nieminen, P. 2007. Magnetic resonance imaging and its applications in morphological studies of pinnipeds. Ann. Zool. Fennici 44: 355–367. DOI: https://www.jstor.org/stable/23736928

Sinisalo, T., Poulin, R., Högmnader, H, Juuti, T. & Valtonen E.T. 2004. The impact of sexual selection on Corynosoma magdaleni (Acanthocephala) infrapopulations in Saimaa ringed seals (Phoca hispida saimensis). Parasitology 128: 179-185. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1017/S003118200300430X

Sinisalo, T., Kunnasranta, M. & Valtonen, T. 2003. Intestinal helminths of a landlocked ringed seal (Phoca hispida saimensis) population in eastern Finland. Parasitology Research, 91: 40-45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-003-0893-7

Koskela, J.T., Kunnasranta, M., Hämäläinen, E. & Hyvärinen, H. 2002. Movements and use of haul-out sites of radio-tagged Saimaa ringed seal (Phoca hispida saimensis Nordq.) during the open-water season. Ann. Zool. Fenn. 39: 59-67. DOI: https://www.jstor.org/stable/23735803

Kostamo A, Hyvärinen H, Pellinen J. & Kukkonen JVK. 2002. Organochlorine concentrations in the Saimaa ringed seal (Phoca hispida saimensis) from Lake Haukivesi, Finland, in 1981-2000 and in its diet today. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 21 (7), 1368-1376. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620210706

Kunnasranta, M., Hyvärinen, H., Häkkinen, J. & Koskela, J.T. 2002. Dive types and circadian behaviour patterns of Saimaa ringed seals Phoca hispida saimensis during the open-water season. Acta Theriologica 47 (1): 63-72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03193567

Käkelä, A., Käkelä, R. & Hyvärinen, H. 2002. Analysis of hepatic vitamins A1, A2, their fatty acyl esters, and vitamin E for biomonitoring mammals feeding on freshwater fish. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 21: 390-396. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620210223

Palo, J.U., Hyvärinen, H., Helle, E., Mäkinen, H.S. & Väinölä, R. 2002. Postglacial loss of microsatellite variation in the landlocked Lake Saimaa ringed seal. Conservation Genetics 4: 117-128. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023303109701

Kunnasranta, M., Hyvärinen, H., Sipilä, T. & Medvedev, N., 2001. Breeding habitat and lair structure of the ringed seal (Phoca hispida ladogensis) in northern Lake Ladoga in Russia. Polar Biology 24: 171-174. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s003000000192

Kostamo A, Viljanen M, Pellinen J. & Kukkonen J. 2000. EOX and organochlorine compounds in fish and ringed seal samples from Lake Ladoga, Russia. Chemosphere 41, 1733-1740. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(00)00048-5

Kostamo A, Medvedev N, Pellinen J, Hyvärinen H & Kukkonen JVK. 2000: Analysis of organochlorine compounds and extractable organic halogen in three subspecies of ringed seal from northeast Europe. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 19 (4), 848-854. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620190410

The 1990s

Kokko, H., Helle, E., Lindström, J., Ranta, E., Sipilä, T. & Courchamp, F. 1999. Backcasting population sizes of ringed and grey seals in the Baltic and Lake Saimaa during the 20th century. Ann. Zool. Fenn. 36: 65-73. DOI: https://www.jstor.org/stable/23735736

Kunnasranta, M., Hyvärinen, H., Sipilä, T. & Koskela, J.T. 1999. The diet of the Saimaa ringed seal Phoca hispida saimensis. Acta Theriologica 44 (4): 443-450.

Hyvärinen, H., Sipilä, T., Kunnasranta, M. & Koskela, J. T. 1998. Mercury pollution and the Saimaa ringed seal (Phoca hispida saimensis). Mar. Pollut. Bull. 36: 76-81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(98)90037-6

Kokko, H., Lindström, J., Ranta, E., Sipilä, T. & Koskela, J. 1998. Estimating the demographic effective population size of the Saimaa ringed seal (Phoca hispida saimensis Nordq.). Anim. Cons. 1: 47-54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.1998.tb00225.x

Käkelä, R. & Hyvärinen, H. 1998. Composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the liver of freshwater and marine ringed seals (Phoca hispida ssp.) differs largely due to the diet of the seals. Comparative Biochemistry & Physiology – B: Comparative Biochemistry B 120: 231-237. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-0491(98)10012-3

Käkelä, R. & Hyvärinen, H. 1997. Fatty acid compositions and vitamin A and E status of endangered freshwater ringed seals (from Finland and Western Russia) differ from those of marine seals. Recent Res.Devel.in Lipids Res. 1: 1-7.

Käkelä, R., Hyvärinen, H. & Käkelä, A. 1997. Vitamins A1 (Retinol), A2 (3,4-Didehydroretinol) and E (ƒ¿-Tocopherol) in the liver and blubber of lacustrine and marine ringed seals. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 116B: 27- 33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-0491(96)00158-7

Medvedev, N., Panichev, N. & Hyvärinen, H. 1997. Levels of heavy metals in seals of Lake Ladoga and the White Sea. Sci. Total Environ. 206: 95-105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(97)80001-0

Ranta, E., Lindström, J. & Kokko, H. 1996. Ecological risk analysis: the case of the Saimaa ringed seal. Ambio 25: 363-365. DOI: https://www.jstor.org/stable/4314492

Sipilä, T., Medvedev, N. V. & Hyvärinen, H. 1996. The Ladoga seal (Phoca hispida ladogensis Nordq.). Hydrobiologia 322: 193-198. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1655-5_30

Kunnasranta, M., Hyvärinen, H. & Sorjonen, J. 1996. Underwater vocalizations of Ladoga ringed seals (Phoca hispida ladogensis Nordq.) in summertime. Mar. Mamm. Sci 12 (4): 611-618. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1996.tb00076.x

Käkelä, R. & Hyvärinen, H. 1996. Site-specific fatty acid composition in adipose tissues of several northern aquatic and terrestrial mammals. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 115B: 501-514. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-0491(96)00150-2

Hyvärinen, H., Hämäläinen, E. & Kunnasranta, M. 1995. Diving behavior of the Saimaa ringed seal (Phoca hispida saimensis Nordq.). Mar. Mamm Sci 11(3): 324-334. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1995.tb00288.x

Koistinen, J., Paasivirta, J., Suonperä, M. & Hyvarinen H. 1995. Contamination of pike and sediment from the Kymijoki river by PCDs, PCDDs, and PCDFs: Contents and patterns compared to pike and sediment from the Bothnian Bay and seasl from Lake Saimaa. Environn. Sci. Technol. 29 (10): 2541-2547. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/es00010a013

Käkelä, R., Ackman, R. G. & Hyvärinen, H. 1995. Very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the blubber of ringed seals (Phoca hispida sp.) from Lake Saimaa, Lake Ladoga, the Baltic Sea and Spitsbergen. Lipids 30: 725-731. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02537799

Käkelä, R. & Hyvärinen, H. 1993. Fatty acid composition of fats around the mystacial and superciliary vibrissae differs from that of blubber in the Saimaa ringed seal (Phoca hispida saimensis). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 105B: 547-552. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(93)90087-L

Käkelä, R., Hyvärinen, H. & Vainiotalo, P. 1993. Fatty acid composition in liver and blubber of the Saimaa ringed seal (Phoca hispida saimensis) compared with that of the ringed seal (Phoca hispida Botnica) and grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) from the Baltic. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 105B: 553-565. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(93)90088-M

Hyvärinen, H. & Nieminen, M. 1990. Differentiation of the ringed seal in the Baltic Sea, Lake Ladoga and Lake Saimaa. Finnish Game Research 47: 21-27.

Sipilä, T. 1990. Lair structure and breeding habitat of the Saimaa ringed seal (Phoca hispida saimensis Nordq.) in Finland. Finnish Game Res. 47: 11-20.

Sipilä, T., Helle, E. & Hyvärinen, H. 1990. Distribution, population size and reproductivity of the Saimaa ringed seal (Phoca hispida saimensis Nordq.) in Finland, 1980-84. Finnish Game Res. 47: 3-10.

The 1980s and earlier

Hyvärinen, H. 1989. Diving in darkness: whiskers as sense organs of the ringed seal (Phoca hispida saimensis). J. Zool. (Lond.) 218: 663-678. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1989.tb05008.x

Valtonen, E.T. & Helle, E. 1988. Host-parasite relationships between two seal populations and two species of Corynosoma (Acanthocephala) in Finland. J. Zool. 214: 361-371. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1988.tb04729.x

Helle, E., Hyvärinen, H. & Stenman, O. 1985. PCB and DDT levels in the Baltic and Saimaa seal populations. Finnish Game Res. 44: 63-68.

Hyvärinen, H. & Sipilä, T. 1984. Heavy metals and high pup mortality in the Saimaa ringed seal population in Eastern Finland. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 15: 335-337. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-326X(84)90490-9

Helle, E., Hyvärinen, H. & Sipilä, T. 1984. Breeding habitat and lair structure of the Saimaa ringed seal Phoca hispida saimensis Nordq. in Finland. Acta Zool. Fenn. 172: 125-127.

Hyvärinen, H. & Katajisto, H. 1984. Functional structure of the vibrissae of the ringed seal (Phoca hispida Schr.). Acta Zool. Fenn. 171: 27-30.

Helle, E., Hyvärinen, H., Pyysalo, H. & Wickström, K. 1983. Levels of organochlorine compounds in an inland seal population in Eastern Finland. Marine Pollution Bulletin 14: 256-260. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-326X(83)90168-6

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