{"id":1537,"date":"2021-04-20T12:18:26","date_gmt":"2021-04-20T09:18:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.uef.fi\/photonics\/?page_id=1537"},"modified":"2025-02-19T13:27:35","modified_gmt":"2025-02-19T11:27:35","slug":"optical-sensing-and-imaging","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.uef.fi\/photonics\/optical-sensing-and-imaging\/","title":{"rendered":"Optical sensing and imaging"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Spectral imaging<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> spectral imaging; color; sensing applications for medicine, forestry, environment, and biology;<\/p>\n\n\n\t<div id=\"accordion-block_e91515f1d15f7ee8426622b14c861348\" class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion accordion-js\">\n\t\t\t\t<button class=\"accordion__button\" aria-controls=\"content-1134\" aria-expanded=\"false\" id=\"accordion-control-1134\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion__heading\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t Computational spectral imaging\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion__content\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-control-1134\" aria-hidden=\"true\" id=\"content-1134\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>The group is a joint research group of the School of Computing and the Department of Physics and Mathematics. It belongs to the Center for Photonics Sciences. Group is also member of the Academy of Finland\u2019s Flagship on Photonics Research and Innovation (PREIN).<\/p>\n<p>Read\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/sites.uef.fi\/spectral\/\">more about Computational spectral imaging<\/a>.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"accordion-block_52e5f73ba0d8f04d86a0306a6b80d2da\" class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion accordion-js\">\n\t\t\t\t<button class=\"accordion__button\" aria-controls=\"content-2911\" aria-expanded=\"false\" id=\"accordion-control-2911\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion__heading\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSpectromics laboratory\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion__content\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-control-2911\" aria-hidden=\"true\" id=\"content-2911\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Spectromics Laboratory is the first spectral imaging research environment in Finland focused in plant imaging.<\/p>\n<p>Read\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.uef.fi\/en\/web\/spectromics\/\">more about Spectromics laboratory<\/a>.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Environmental and medical photonics<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> biophotonics; biomedical imaging; neurophotonics; Raman spectroscopy; Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS)&nbsp;; black silicon; gold nanoparticles; graphene; biocompatibility; enhancement factor; small organic molecules; living cells; nanodiamonds; color center; carbon nanotube; graphene quantum dot; theranostic agent<\/p>\n\n\n\t<div id=\"accordion-block_57d5a8a9bebc69651ff49ce3cbbb0b9e\" class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion accordion-js\">\n\t\t\t\t<button class=\"accordion__button\" aria-controls=\"content-827\" aria-expanded=\"false\" id=\"accordion-control-827\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion__heading\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSurface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion__content\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-control-827\" aria-hidden=\"true\" id=\"content-827\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>The group is currently focused on the design, modeling and fabrication of a range of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates based on black silicon (bSi). We propose to sculpture the bSi surface enhanced with graphene and \/ or gold nanolayers in order to achieve SERS enhancement factor as high as 8 orders of magnitude. This finding makes the SERS-active bSi-based substrate suitable for a number of the environmental and \/ or biomedical applications when detecting analytes\u2019 trace concentrations are required. Being biocompatible, the bSi\/Au SERS-active substrate offers a unique opportunity to monitor the functional state of living cells using \u00a0proteins \/ lipids \/ DNA\/ RNA\u00a0 characteristic\u00a0Raman bands as markers.<\/p>\n<p>Highly uniform and reliable bSi based SERS substrates provide a pathway to the\u00a0 sensitive and selective, scalable, and low-cost lab-on-a-chip SERS biosensors that can be integrated into silicon-based photonics device.<\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">In research, the group actively collaborates with international partners from Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Contact persons:<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p>Prof.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/uefconnect.uef.fi\/en\/person\/polina.kuzhir\/\">Polina Kuzhir<\/a><b><span data-contrast=\"none\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">Prof.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/uefconnect.uef.fi\/en\/person\/yuri.svirko\/\">Yuri Svirko<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Selected publications:<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>L. Golubewa, R. Karpicz, I. Matulaitiene, A. Selskis, D. Rutkauskas, A. Pushkarchuk, T. Khlopina, D. Michels, D. Lyakhov, T. Kulahava, A. Shah, Y. Svirko, and P. Kuzhir, \u201cSurface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of organic molecules and living cells with gold-plated black silicon\u201d,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/acsami.0c13570\"><i>ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces<\/i>\u00a0<b>12<\/b>, 50971<\/a>\u00a0(2020).<\/li>\n<li>L. Golubewa, H. Rehman, T. Kulahava, R. Karpicz, M. Baah, T. Kaplas, A. Shah, S. Malykhin, A. Obraztsov, D. Rutkauskas, M. Jankunec, I. Matulaitiene, A. Selskis, A. Denisov, Y. Svirko, and P. Kuzhir, \u201cMacro-, micro- and nano-roughness of carbon-based interface with the brain cells: towards a versatile bio-sensing platform\u201d,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/20\/18\/5028\"><i>Sensors<\/i>\u00a0<b>20<\/b>, 5028<\/a>\u00a0(2020).<\/li>\n<li>L. Golubewa, et. al., &#8220;Visualizing hypochlorous acid production by human neutrophils with fluorescent graphene quantum dots&#8221;, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ac3ce4\">Nanotechnology 33 095101 (2022).<\/a><\/li>\n<li>L. Golubewa, et. al., &#8220;Black Silicon: Breaking through the Everlasting Cost vs. Effectivity Trade-Off for SERS Substrates&#8221;, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma16051948\">Materials 16, 1948 (2023).<\/a><\/li>\n<li>L. Golubewa, et. al., &#8220;Stable and Reusable Lace-like Black Silicon Nanostructures Coated with Nanometer-Thick Gold Films for SERS-Based Sensing&#8221;, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsanm.3c00281\">ACS Applied Nano Materials 6, 4770 (2023)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Keywords:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Black silicon, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, gold nanoparticles, graphene, biocompatibility, enhancement factor, small organic molecules, living cells<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3800\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.uef.fi\/photonics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/150\/2021\/08\/Polina1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"472\" height=\"725\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.uef.fi\/photonics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/150\/2021\/08\/Polina1.png 472w, https:\/\/sites.uef.fi\/photonics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/150\/2021\/08\/Polina1-195x300.png 195w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 472px) 100vw, 472px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>Comparison of Raman spectra of 4-MBA monolayer on SiO<sub>2<\/sub>\/Au smooth substrate (a), of bulk 4-MBA (b), and SERS spectra of 4-MBA (c) and living rat glioma cell (d) on the bSi\/Au substrate. The spectrum of a living cell was recorded in aqueous Hepes-buffer solution. Buffer spectrum was subtracted from living cells Raman spectra. The excitation wavelength is 785 nm.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-3806\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.uef.fi\/photonics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/150\/2021\/08\/Polina2-780x1024.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"525\" height=\"689\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>Uniformity of bSi\/Au SERS substrate. (a) \u2013 Top-down SEM image of bSi\/Au substrate, inset gives 1\u00d71 \u03bcm area. (b) \u2013 Map of the background-corrected Raman intensity. 1077 cm<sup>-1<\/sup>\u00a0C\u2013S stretch vibration peak, a 50\u00d7 objective (NA 1.0) were used. The map resolution is 1 \u03bcm. 1,2,3 \u2013 separate 10\u00d710 \u03bcm maps taken randomly from a 75\u00d7115 \u03bcm area. Inset gives a SERS spectrum of 4-MBA monolayer from 1\u00d71 \u03bcm pixel.<\/em><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"accordion-block_4a7d3b40b002cba5f2d2dd16e6de09be\" class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion accordion-js\">\n\t\t\t\t<button class=\"accordion__button\" aria-controls=\"content-4860\" aria-expanded=\"false\" id=\"accordion-control-4860\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion__heading\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBiomedical photonics\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion__content\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-control-4860\" aria-hidden=\"true\" id=\"content-4860\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Group currently performs theoretical modeling and experimental verification of using photonic materials of reduced dimensionality for combining medical diagnosing and treatment in vitro. This approach is often dubbed \u201ctheranostics\u201d.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Single wall carbon nanotubes were proved to be effective theranostic agent, suitable for both detection of the cancer cells and their treatment non-invasive for surrounded healthy cells though cold photoacoustic mechanism.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Our ambition is to create and validate\u00a0<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">in vitro<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0a simple, robust and scalable multimodal quantum theranostic agents\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">&#8211;<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0fluorescent nanodiamonds and single-crystalline diamond needles embedding color centers, and graphene and other 2D materials-based quantum dots\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">&#8211;<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0capable of monitoring the functional state of electrically active cells, i.e. neurons, and destroying cancer cells.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">In research, the group actively collaborates with international partners from Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania; Ulm University\/ Institute for Quantum Optics, Ulm, Germany; Tor Vergata University\/Department of Physics, Rome, Italy; University of Warsaw\/ Quantum Optics Lab, Warsaw, Poland; Institute of Physics, National Academy of Science, Minsk, Belarus<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Contact persons:<br \/>\n<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">Prof.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/uefconnect.uef.fi\/en\/person\/polina.kuzhir\/\">Polina Kuzhir<\/a><br \/>\nProf.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/uefconnect.uef.fi\/en\/person\/yuri.svirko\/\">Yuri Svirko<\/a><br \/>\nDr.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/uefconnect.uef.fi\/en\/person\/sergei.malykhin\/\">Sergei Malykhin<\/a><br \/>\nProf. <a href=\"https:\/\/uefconnect.uef.fi\/en\/person\/alexander.obraztsov\/\">Alexander Obraztsov<\/a><\/p>\n<p><\/span><b>Selected publications:<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>L. Golubewa, I. Timoshchenko, O. Romanov, R. Karpicz, T. Kulahava, D. Rutkauskas, M. Shuba, A. Dementjev, Y. Svirko, and P. Kuzhir, \u201cSingle-walled carbon nanotubes as a photo-thermo-acoustic cancer theranostic agent: theory and proof of the concept experiment\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-79238-6\"><i>Sci. Rep.<\/i>\u00a0<b>10<\/b>, 22174<\/a>\u00a0(2020).<\/li>\n<li>L. Golubewa, et. al., &#8220;Rapid and delayed effects of single-walled carbon nanotubes in glioma cells&#8221;, <a href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ac28da\/meta\">Nanotechnology 32 505103 (2021).<\/a><\/li>\n<li>L. Golubewa, et. al., &#8220;All-Optical Thermometry with NV and SiV Color Centers in Biocompatible Diamond Microneedles&#8221;, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adom.202200631\">Adv. Optical Mater. 10, 2200631 (2022).<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Y. Padrez, et. al., &#8220;Quantitative and qualitative analysis of pulmonary arterial hypertension fibrosis using wide-field second harmonic generation microscopy&#8221;, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-022-11473-5\">Scientific Reports 12, 7330 (2022).<\/a><\/li>\n<li>N. Belko, et. al., &#8220;Hysteresis and Stochastic Fluorescence by Aggregated Ensembles of Graphene Quantum Dots&#8221;,<a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/acs.jpcc.2c02472\"> J. Phys. Chem. C 126, 10469 (2022).<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Y. Padrez, et. al. &#8220;Nanodiamond surface as a photoluminescent pH sensor&#8221;, <a href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/acb94b\">Nanotechnology 34 195702 (2023).<\/a><\/li>\n<li>M. Quarshie, et. al., &#8220;Nano- and micro-crystalline diamond film structuring with electron beam lithography mask&#8221;, <a href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/ad18e9\">Nanotechnology 35 155301 (2024).<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Keywords:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\"><br \/>\nNanodiamonds, color center, carbon nanotube, graphene quantum dot, theranostic agent<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3815\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.uef.fi\/photonics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/150\/2021\/08\/Polina-kuva3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"944\" height=\"573\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.uef.fi\/photonics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/150\/2021\/08\/Polina-kuva3.png 944w, https:\/\/sites.uef.fi\/photonics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/150\/2021\/08\/Polina-kuva3-300x182.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.uef.fi\/photonics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/150\/2021\/08\/Polina-kuva3-768x466.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 944px) 100vw, 944px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>Numerical simulation of the interaction of laser radiation with the SWCNT agglomerate embedded into the living cell. Contour maps of the\u00a0<b>a<\/b>\u00a0temperature increase and\u00a0<b>b<\/b>\u00a0negative pressure in the SWCNT agglomerate of\u202f1\u202f\u00b5m aggregated inside the glioma cell on the pulse duration\/intensity plane.\u00a0<b>c<\/b>\u00a0Isotherms at \u0394T = 20 K and \u0394T = 60 K, respectively, and isobar at \u0394P\u202f=\u202f\u2013\u202f0.7 MPa. The star corresponds to the experimental conditions.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3821\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.uef.fi\/photonics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/150\/2021\/08\/Polina-kuva4.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"355\" height=\"356\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.uef.fi\/photonics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/150\/2021\/08\/Polina-kuva4.png 355w, https:\/\/sites.uef.fi\/photonics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/150\/2021\/08\/Polina-kuva4-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.uef.fi\/photonics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/150\/2021\/08\/Polina-kuva4-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/sites.uef.fi\/photonics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/150\/2021\/08\/Polina-kuva4-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 355px) 100vw, 355px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em>Photo-induced SWCNT-mediated destruction of glioma cells by NIR pico-second pulsed irradiation. a-c Bare C6 glioma cells; d-f C6 glioma cells with accumulated micron-sized SWCNT agglomerates, g-i C6 glioma cells in the presence of the SWCNTs suspension in the extracellular medium. a, d, g bright-field images superimposed with PI fluorescence images before irradiation; b, e, h CARS images; c, f, i bright-field images superimposed with PI fluorescence images after irradiation with 10 ps laser pulses (910.5\/1064\u202fnm, 106\u202fW\/cm2) for 7 min.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\t<div id=\"accordion-block_7592d457e7c7f4e2fc3891e0a6ca0af8\" class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion accordion-js\">\n\t\t\t\t<button class=\"accordion__button\" aria-controls=\"content-7119\" aria-expanded=\"false\" id=\"accordion-control-7119\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion__heading\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\tQuantum sensing\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion__content\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-control-7119\" aria-hidden=\"true\" id=\"content-7119\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Unique features of atomic-sized objects or defects allow optical quantum sensing and bioimaging. We investigate diamond nanoparticles, films and needles enriched with various types of color centers as well as quantum dots for these purposes. Sensing based on all-optical and spin approaches as well as their combination is employed. Applying nanofabrication techniques to fluorescence diamonds we create and characterize sensing matrixes and chips.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10008 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.uef.fi\/photonics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/150\/2024\/08\/Picture1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"303\" height=\"226\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.uef.fi\/photonics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/150\/2024\/08\/Picture1.png 303w, https:\/\/sites.uef.fi\/photonics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/150\/2024\/08\/Picture1-300x224.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 303px) 100vw, 303px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>Scheme of spin-based sensing with NV centers<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Publications:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 1rem\">10.1002\/adom.202200631<br \/>\n<\/span>10.1088\/1361-6528\/ad18e9<\/p>\n<p><strong>Contact persons:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Prof. <a href=\"https:\/\/uefconnect.uef.fi\/henkilo\/polina.kuzhir\/\">Polina Kuzhir<\/a><br \/>\nDr. <a href=\"https:\/\/uefconnect.uef.fi\/henkilo\/sergei.malykhin\/\">Sergei Malykhin<\/a><br \/>\nProf. <a href=\"https:\/\/uefconnect.uef.fi\/henkilo\/alexander.obraztsov\/\">Alexander Obraztsov<\/a><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Other optical measurements<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\t<div id=\"accordion-block_80ec5d96f97b325fff1bc0911894e6eb\" class=\"accordions\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion accordion-js\">\n\t\t\t\t<button class=\"accordion__button\" aria-controls=\"content-4160\" aria-expanded=\"false\" id=\"accordion-control-4160\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"accordion__heading\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t Sm4rtlab\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"accordion__content\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-control-4160\" aria-hidden=\"true\" id=\"content-4160\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sm4rtlab is totally new, revolutionary augmented reality environment combining science and teaching.<\/p>\n<p>Read more about\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.uef.fi\/en\/sm4rtlab\">Sm4rtlab<\/a>.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Spectral imaging Keywords: spectral imaging; color; sensing applications for medicine, forestry, environment, and biology; Environmental and medical photonics Keywords: biophotonics; biomedical imaging; neurophotonics; Raman spectroscopy; Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS)&nbsp;; black silicon; gold nanoparticles; graphene; biocompatibility; enhancement factor; small organic molecules; living cells; nanodiamonds; color center; carbon nanotube; graphene quantum dot; theranostic agent Other optical measurements<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":243,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1537","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Optical sensing and imaging - Center for Photonics Sciences<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.uef.fi\/photonics\/optical-sensing-and-imaging\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Optical sensing and imaging - Center for Photonics Sciences\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Spectral imaging Keywords: spectral imaging; color; sensing applications for medicine, forestry, environment, and biology; Environmental and medical photonics Keywords: biophotonics; biomedical imaging; neurophotonics; Raman spectroscopy; Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS)&nbsp;; black silicon; gold nanoparticles; graphene; biocompatibility; enhancement factor; small organic molecules; living cells; nanodiamonds; color center; carbon nanotube; graphene quantum dot; theranostic agent Other optical measurements\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/sites.uef.fi\/photonics\/optical-sensing-and-imaging\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Center for Photonics Sciences\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-19T11:27:35+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.uef.fi\/photonics\/optical-sensing-and-imaging\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/sites.uef.fi\/photonics\/optical-sensing-and-imaging\/\",\"name\":\"Optical sensing and imaging - Center for Photonics Sciences\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.uef.fi\/photonics\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2021-04-20T09:18:26+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-19T11:27:35+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.uef.fi\/photonics\/optical-sensing-and-imaging\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/sites.uef.fi\/photonics\/optical-sensing-and-imaging\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.uef.fi\/photonics\/optical-sensing-and-imaging\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/sites.uef.fi\/photonics\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Optical sensing and imaging\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sites.uef.fi\/photonics\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/sites.uef.fi\/photonics\/\",\"name\":\"Center for Photonics Sciences\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/sites.uef.fi\/photonics\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Optical sensing and imaging - Center for Photonics Sciences","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/sites.uef.fi\/photonics\/optical-sensing-and-imaging\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Optical sensing and imaging - Center for Photonics Sciences","og_description":"Spectral imaging Keywords: spectral imaging; 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